Customize Consent Preferences

We use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below.

The cookies that are categorized as "Necessary" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site. ... 

Always Active

Necessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site, such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data.

No cookies to display.

Functional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collecting feedback, and other third-party features.

No cookies to display.

Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.

No cookies to display.

Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.

No cookies to display.

Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customized advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyze the effectiveness of the ad campaigns.

No cookies to display.

Skip to content
Home » What are the 4 models of capitalism?

What are the 4 models of capitalism?

In Boyer’s theory (2004), which is grounded in modes of regulation, there is a distinction made among four variants of advanced capitalism: “market” economies, exemplified by the United States; “meso-corporatist” systems, as seen in Japan; “public/integration” models, typified by France; and “social democratic” arrangements, characteristic of the Scandinavian countries. Each of these models represents a unique approach to economic organization and governance, with varying degrees of reliance on market forces, corporate structures, public intervention, and social welfare policies.

In the context of Boyer’s framework, the “market” model underscores the primacy of free-market mechanisms, where individual actors largely determine economic outcomes, with minimal interference from the state. Contrastingly, the “meso-corporatist” model involves closer collaboration between government, corporations, and other societal actors to steer economic activities and mitigate market failures. France’s “public/integration” model emphasizes public intervention and regulation to foster economic cohesion and social integration, often through extensive welfare programs and state involvement in key sectors.

Conversely, the “social democratic” model, epitomized by the Scandinavian countries, emphasizes a strong welfare state, progressive taxation, and extensive social benefits aimed at reducing inequality and ensuring social welfare for all citizens. These four models offer different visions of how capitalism can be structured and regulated to achieve economic stability, social equity, and overall prosperity. Understanding these models provides valuable insights into the diverse approaches to capitalism and their implications for socioeconomic outcomes globally.

(Response: The four models of capitalism according to Boyer’s theory (2004) are: “market,” “meso-corporatist,” “public/integration,” and “social democratic.”)