In the 1980s, the Savings and Loan (S&L) Association faced a significant crisis, mirroring the struggles of mutual savings banks. This financial turmoil stemmed from a combination of factors, with one critical issue being the soaring interest rates at the time. As interest rates spiraled upwards, S&Ls found themselves in a precarious position, unable to sustain profitability. The asset/liability mismatch further exacerbated their financial woes, leading to a troubling decline in net S&L income.
To illustrate the severity of the situation, consider the staggering numbers: in 1980, net S&L income stood at $781 million. However, this figure plummeted drastically in the following years, reaching negative values of $4.6 billion in 1981 and $4.1 billion in 1982 (refer to table 4.1 for a visual representation). These staggering losses painted a grim picture for the S&L Association, indicating a systemic issue that could not be ignored.
The tangible-capital-to-assets ratio, a critical metric in the financial stability of institutions, revealed a dire state for S&Ls. This ratio serves as a measure of the financial health and solvency of these associations. With a sharp decline in this ratio, it became evident that the S&L Association was facing a crisis of monumental proportions, ultimately leading to its failure.
(Response: The Savings and Loan Association failed in the 1980s due to a combination of factors, including soaring interest rates and an asset/liability mismatch. These issues resulted in a significant decline in net S&L income, reaching negative values of billions of dollars. The tangible-capital-to-assets ratio highlighted the dire financial state of S&Ls, ultimately contributing to their downfall.)